A bright, confident smile is something many of us in New Zealand value — but for some people, noticeable spaces between the teeth can affect confidence or even oral health. This spacing, known as diastema, is common and not always a cause for concern. Still, when gaps are large or create functional problems, dental treatment can help.
What is Diastema?
Diastema refers to a visible gap or space between two teeth, most commonly seen between the upper front teeth. While it can occur in both children and adults, the causes and management vary depending on age and underlying dental health.
In young children, diastema is quite normal as baby teeth fall out and adult teeth begin to erupt. In many cases, these gaps close naturally as permanent teeth settle into place. In adults, however, persistent spacing may need assessment by a dentist.
Types of Diastema
There are several different patterns of spacing:
- Midline Diastema
The most common type, located between the two upper front teeth (central incisors).
- Generalised Spacing
Gaps occur between multiple teeth, often due to smaller-than-average teeth, gum disease, or jaw-tooth size mismatch.
- Localised Diastema
Spaces appear between specific teeth due to missing teeth, extra teeth (supernumerary), or abnormal frenum attachment (the gum tissue between the front teeth).
Causes of Diastema
- Genetics – Family history of spacing or tooth-to-jaw size discrepancies.
- Frenum attachment – An enlarged labial frenum (the piece of tissue connecting the upper lip to the gum) can push the front teeth apart.
- Tooth size vs jaw size – If teeth are too small compared to the jaw, spacing naturally develops.
- Habits – Thumb sucking or tongue thrusting can create gaps between the teeth.
- Gum disease – Periodontal disease can cause bone loss, leading to tooth mobility and gaps.
According to the New Zealand Dental Association, untreated gum disease is one of the leading causes of adult tooth loss and may worsen diastema if not managed.
Treatment Options for Diastema in New Zealand
The best treatment depends on the underlying cause, severity of the gap, and your personal goals. Options include:
- Orthodontic Treatment
Braces or clear aligners (like Invisalign) can gradually close gaps. This is one of the most effective solutions, especially for multiple gaps or bite issues.
- Dental Bonding or Veneers
Tooth-coloured resin or porcelain can be applied to reshape teeth and close small spaces. This provides a faster cosmetic solution.
- Frenectomy
If the frenum tissue is causing a midline gap, a minor surgical procedure (frenectomy) can be performed, sometimes combined with orthodontics.
- Periodontal Treatment
If gum disease is the cause, treating the infection and improving gum health is the first priority before cosmetic correction.
Should You Treat a Diastema?
Not all diastemas require treatment. For some people, a small gap is simply a unique feature of their smile. But if it affects your confidence, causes difficulty biting, or is linked with gum problems, it’s worth discussing with your dentist.
At Howick Dental Surgery, our experienced team can assess the cause of spacing, take X-rays if needed, and recommend the best treatment — whether orthodontic, restorative, or surgical.
Diastema is a common condition with many treatment options available in New Zealand. Whether you’d like to close the gap for aesthetic reasons or need to address an underlying dental issue, professional advice will ensure the right outcome for your smile and long-term oral health.
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